The United States has always been a multilingual territory and, as such, issues of language use and identity keep creating both opportunities and challenges, namely in education, justice, economy, and culture, among many others. These matters are not unique to this country and are, indeed, hotly debated elsewhere, with a variety of outcomes—some more positive than others. In this seminar, we will approach these issues in order to better understand the relationship between majority languages and ethnic or indigenous minorities (e.g., Native American languages in South America), and geopolitical minorities (e.g., Spanish in the USA). We will discuss how these challenges have played out in different communities by consulting excerpts from law documents, academic papers, and selected book chapters, among others. At the end of the semester, students will take a position on the matter of whether/how and why countries should or should not have one or more official languages, and what role they can play in the matter.